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Uncovering New Physics: Using Unsupervised Machine Learning to Analyze LHC Collision Data
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been a groundbreaking tool for scientific exploration since its establishment in 2009. Its purpose is to discover particles and phenomena that go beyond the boundaries of the Standard Model. However, the traditional methods used to search for new physics rely heavily on computer simulations that match observed collision data with theoretical models. This approach has limitations, as it may overlook unexpected phenomena that do not align with these predefined models. To overcome this constraint, researchers have turned to unsupervised machine learning to identify anomalies in collision data that could indicate new physics phenomena.
The Limitations of Traditional Methods
Currently, the search for new physics involves comparing accurate collision data with simulations based on established models. By identifying deviations from these simulations, researchers can potentially uncover new phenomena. Another approach looks for slight variations from the background of the Standard Model, which may indicate novel processes. However, both methods are limited by the assumptions embedded in the tested models.
A Novel Approach: Unsupervised Machine Learning with Autoencoders
A new research study by ATLAS proposes a unique framework for analyzing LHC collision data. This framework utilizes unsupervised machine learning techniques, specifically an intricate neural network called an autoencoder. Unlike existing methods, this approach is model-agnostic and free from preconceived expectations.
The framework involves training a complex neural network, known as an autoencoder, using actual LHC collision data. The autoencoder consists of interconnected “neurons” that compress the input data and then decompress it while comparing the initial input with the output. By doing so, the autoencoder can identify “typical” collision events and filter them out, leaving behind events that deviate from the norm, referred to as “anomalies.” These anomalies indicate instances where the neural network struggles to identify patterns, suggesting the presence of new physics phenomena. Researchers analyze the invariant masses of particles in these collisions to assess these anomalies and determine if they can be attributed to Standard Model processes.
Identifying Anomalous Events
The success of this approach lies in the identification and characterization of anomalous events. Researchers scrutinize the anomalies detected by the autoencoder to explore their potential connection to new physics phenomena. The greater the difference in reconstruction between the input and output data, the higher the likelihood of the event being associated with new physics beyond the Standard Model.
In conclusion, the conventional methods of searching for new physics at the LHC have limitations due to their reliance on predefined models and simulations. The proposed novel approach utilizes unsupervised machine learning through autoencoders, allowing for a model-agnostic analysis of collision data. This framework has the potential to unveil unexpected phenomena that elude conventional methods. By focusing on anomalies detected by the autoencoder, scientists can unravel the mysteries of particles and interactions beyond our current understanding of the universe.
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